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    • An introduction to Kratom / Mitragyna speciosa
    • The Kratom and the Kratom plant: Mitragyna speciosa
    • Forms and types of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom
    • Pharmacology and mode of action of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom
    • The effects of Kratom / Mitragyna speciosa
    • Modern uses of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom and potential applications
    • Using Mitragyna speciosa Kratom
    • Guidelines for a safe and pleasant use of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom
    • Health risks and side-effects of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom use
    • Addiction potential of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom
    • The history and legality of Kratom / Mitragyna speciosa
    • Definitions
    • Selected bibliography on Mitragyna speciosa Kratom and Kratom alkaloids
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    Kratom Devotee

    Re: How do you like the new site?

    So how will we get some more activity in here?

    Kratom Devotee 02-21-2012, 02:42 PM Go to last post
    mikeb

    Re: Best Strains

    I am patial to bali. I use it for back pain, it gives me energy and a very pleasant fuzzy goodness. I work in a very highend custon car shop. My back was almost ending my career, now I am the shop...

    mikeb 01-16-2012, 04:32 AM Go to last post
    Seattle_Stranger

    Re: How do you like the new site?

    Yep, this. I'm assuming this is a dead site because in two years there has been little to no activity. I think it's got potential!

    Seattle_Stranger 10-31-2011, 08:46 PM Go to last post
    Seattle_Stranger

    Re: Best Strains

    Hello there neighbor!! I actually work in Redmond. I'm there now!! Cool to know there's another kratom lover in close range!

    For pain, I'd go with some good ol' bali. As a matter of fact, for...

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    Kermit

    Re: Best Strains

    I really like the White Riau, euphoric as well as analgesic with energy without the jitters. It's like a well balanced power hitter, very awesome strain. After that has to be crushed Maeng Da in...

    Kermit 08-04-2011, 01:49 AM Go to last post
  • Kratom Devotee

    Selected bibliography on Mitragyna speciosa Kratom and Kratom alkaloids 

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    Kratom Devotee
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    Published on 05-11-2010 12:05 AM

    • Amattayakul T., The kraton leaves. J. Department of Medical Sciences, Thailand, vol. 2: 2, 104-108, 1960.


    • Atthakor P. "Role Seen For Traditional Herbal Stimulant": Bangkok Post November 27, 1999


    • Carbonin PU, Greco A, Pisanti P, Gemma A, Cattelin F. "Efficacy of almitrine-raubasine in cognitive disorders of aging: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical and psychometric study": Clin Neuropharmacol. 1990;13 Suppl 3:S92-9


    • Charveron M, Assie MB, Stenger A, Briley M. "Benzodiazepine agonist-type activity of raubasine, a rauwolfia serpentina alkaloid": Eur J Pharmacol. 1984 Nov 13;106(2):313-7


    • Hanna, Jon. "Bogus Kratom Market Exposed"
    • Entheogen Review, Spring 2003; XII(1):26-28, Errata


    • Horie S, Koyama F, Takayama H, Ishikawa H, Aimi N, Ponglux D, Matsumoto K, Murayama T. "Indole alkaloids of a Thai medicinal herb, Mitragyna speciosa, that has opioid agonistic effect in guinea-pig ileum"
    • Planta Med., March 2005; 71(3):231-6


    • Idid S Z, Saad L B, Yaacob H, Shahimi M M. "Evaluation Of Analgesia Induced By Mitragynine, Morphine And Paracetamol On Mice": ASEAN Review of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Nov-Dec 1999


    • Institute For Medical Research (Malaysia). "Kratom: Possible Cure for Drug Addiction" : http://www.imr.gov.my/webpage%20HMRC/foc04(1).html



    • Jansen K, Prast C. "Ethnopharmacology of Kratom and the Mitragyna Alkaloids": Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1998; 23:115-119


    • Matsumoto K, Horie S, Ishikawa H, Takayama H, Aimi N, Ponglux D, Watanabe K. "Antinociceptive effect of 7-hydroxymitragynine in mice: Discovery of an orally active opioid analgesic from the Thai medicinal herb Mitragyna speciosa" : Life Sci, 2004; 74(17):2143-55


    • Matsumoto K, Mizowaki M, Takayama H, Sakai S, Aimi N, Watanabe H. "Suppressive effect of mitragynine on the 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-induced head-twitch response in mice": Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 1997; 57(1-2):319-23


    • Mohamed AF, Matsumoto K, Tabata K, Takayama H, Kitajima M, Watanabe H. "Effects of Uncaria tomentosa total alkaloid and its components on experimental amnesia in mice: elucidation using the passive avoidance test": J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000 Dec;52(12):1553-61



    • Murple.net : Kratom, http://www.murple.net/yachay/index.php/Kratom


    • National Drugs and Poisons Schedule Committee (Australia): "Edited Minutes of Meeting 37- 40 : February 2003; 108-110 / June 2003; 96-98 /October 2003; 80-82/ February 2004; 103-105


    • Neuman J, de Engel AM, Neuman MP. "Pilot study of the effect of raubasine on platelet biological activity": Arzneimittelforschung. 1986 Sep;36(9):1394-8


    • New Straits Times (author unspecified). "Daun ketom has similar effect to morphine, study shows": New Straits Times, 16 June 2003


    • Norakarnphadung P., Analytic Data of Drug Addicts in Management of Narcotic Drug Dependence in Thanyarak Hospital, Thailand, 1968.


    • Phillipson D. J. and J. E. Shellard. The Alkaloid Content of some Asian Species of Mitragyna. School of Pharmacy, Chelsea College of Science and Technology, London, 1965.


    • Razak DA. "Kratom versus Tobacco: Get the priority right about the dangers of these plants" : New Straits Times, 7 June 2004


    • Razak DA. "Poison Control: 'Ketum' Ban Smacks Of Double Standards": New Straits Times, 4 September 2004


    • Rifat, Claude. "Mitragynine": http://www.lycaeum.org/drugs/SSRI/mitragy.htm


    • Roquebert J, Demichel P. "Inhibition of the alpha 1 and alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated pressor response in pithed rats by raubasine, tetrahydroalstonine and akuammigine": Eur J Pharmacol. 1984 Oct 30;106(1):203-5


    • Shellard E J. "The alkaloids of Mitragyna with special reference to those of Mitragyna speciosa, Korth": Bulletin On Narcotics, 1974 issue 2


    • Suwanlert M D Sangun. "A study of kratom eaters in Thailand": Bulletin on Narcotics, 1975 Vol 27(3): 21-27


    • Takayama H. [http://www.murple.net/yachay/archive...-alkaloids.pdf "Chemistry and Pharmacology of Analgesic Indole Alkaloids from the Rubiaceous Plant, Mitragyna speciosa": Chem. Pharm. Bull. 52(8) 916--928 (2004)


    • Takayama H, Aimi N, Sakai S. "Chemical studies on the analgesic indole alkaloids from the traditional medicine (Mitragyna speciosa) used for opium substitute": Yakugaku Zasshi, 2000; 120(10):959-67


    • Takayama H, Ishikawa H, Kitajima M, Aimi N. "Formation of an Unusual Dimeric Compound by Lead Tetraacetate Oxidation of a Corynanthe-Type Indole Alkaloid, Mitragynine": Chem. Pharm. Bull. 50(7) 960--963 (2002)


    • Takayama H, Ishikawa H, Kurihara M, Kitajima M, Aimi N, Ponglux D, Koyama F, Matsumoto K, Moriyama T, Yamamoto LT, Watanabe K, Murayama T, Horie S. "Studies on the synthesis and opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine-related indole alkaloids: discovery of opioid agonists structurally different from other opioid ligands": J Med Chem, 2002; 45(9):1949-56


    • Takayama H, Ishikawa H, Kurihara M, Kitajima M, Aimi N, Ponglux D, Koyama F, Matsumoto K, Moriyama T, Yamamoto LT, Watanabe K, Murayama T, Horie S. "Studies on the synthesis and opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine-related indole alkaloids: discovery of opioid agonists structurally different from other opioid ligands (Supporting Information)": J Med Chem, 2002 (American Chemical Society); Takayama jm010476e Supporting Info:1-24


    • Thongpradichote S, Matsumoto K, Tohda M, Takayama H, Aimi N, Sakai S, Watanabe H. "Identification of opioid receptor subtypes in antinociceptive actions of supraspinally-administered mitragynine in mice" : Life Sci 1998;62(16):1371-8


    • Tsuchiya S, Miyashita S, Yamamoto M, Horie S, Sakai S, Aimi N, Takayama H, Watanabe K. "Effect of mitragynine, derived from Thai folk medicine, on gastric acid secretion through opioid receptor in anesthetized rats": Eur J Pharmacol, 2002; 443(1-3):185-8


    • Thongpradichote S, Matsumoto K, Tohda M, Takayama H, Aimi N, Sakai S, Watanabe H. "Identification of opioid receptor subtypes in antinociceptive actions of supraspinally-administered mitragynine in mice": Life Sci 1998;62(16):1371-8


    • Westermeyer J., Opium Smoking in Laos: A survey of 40 addicts. Am. J. Psychiatry, 131: 2, 165-170, 1974.


    • World of Molecules. "The Epicatechin Molecule": http://www.worldofmolecules.com/anti...picatechin.htm


    • Yamada R. "Re: Is Mitragynine anti-addictive?": Usenet post 199702031505.KAA21187@interport.net


    • Yoga, SS. "Drug In Demand": The Star Online (http://http://thestar.com.my/), 4 April 2005


    • Yoga, SS. "How Ketum Is Abused": The Star Online (http://http://thestar.com.my/), 4 April 2005


    • Zarembo J E, Douglas B, Valenta J, Weisbach, J A, 1974. "Metabolites of mitragynine": J Pharm Sci 63, 1407*1414


    • Zongxian L, Cheng LH, Kun LY. "Effects of Tea Polyphenols and Their Derivatives on Fecal Microbial Flora": http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~scilooe/srp_2003/sci_paper/microb/research_paper/li_zongxian.pdf

    A brief political history of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom 

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    Published on 05-10-2010 03:36 AM

    Though Mitragyna speciosa Kratom has been used for a long time in South-East Asia, it does not enjoy a rich, often romanticized history similar to that of other drugs such as opium or cannabis.

    Kratom culture and use was, until recently restricted to South-Eastern Asia, where it was used locally, in rural areas, for both its medical and psychoactive qualities and as a stimulant for work and a recreational relaxant.

    Opium or cannabis use were much more prevalent throughout the history of Asia, associated with widespread recreational and medical use and cultivation, while Kratom use was a more localised phenomenon, primarily used as a crutch and for comfort of the working peasants. Yet in Mitragyna speciosa Kratom growing areas, some opiate ...
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    Where is Mitragyna speciosa Kratom legal / illegal? 

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    Published on 05-10-2010 03:34 AM

    Mitragyna speciosa Kratom is illegal in many South-East Asian countries, such as Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma) and Vietnam (though the specificities of the law is not clear).

    Kratom use is, however still quite ...
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    Is Mitragyna speciosa Kratom habit-forming or not? 

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    Published on 05-10-2010 03:31 AM

    As previously explained in the section “Pharmacology and mode of action of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom” as well as in the “Potential applications and modern uses of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom” section, Mitragyna speciosa Kratom actually has a strong potential as a substance to help with the detoxification process and withdrawal symptoms of opiates and opioids ...
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    Mitragyna speciosa Kratom and drug testing 

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    Published on 05-10-2010 03:29 AM

    Mitragyna speciosa Kratom use is legal in most parts of the world, and is not specifically tested for in drug-screens or drug tests. Yet Kratom users facing potential drug-tests, such as urine drug-screens, which are ...
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    Some words on the existing documents on traditional use of Kratom and reports on addiction (Thai reports) 

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    Published on 05-10-2010 03:24 AM

    As previously mentioned, despite Mitragyna speciosa Kratom’s relatively long history of human use, Kratom and Kratom use has rarely been studied extensively, even in countries where Kratom use is traditional.

    Such a country, Thailand, actually banned Kratom in 1943 (ban which is now under discussion, see the “History and legality of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom” section for more detail), and has also held strong anti-Kratom positions, in accordance with its general aggressively repressive ...
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    Mitragyna speciosa Kratom related histamine output itching 

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    Published on 05-10-2010 03:22 AM

    A few Kratom users, more sensitive than others, have had allergy-like reactions to Mitragyna speciosa Kratom, especially in higher doses, which causes them to feel a generalised ...
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    A Mitragyna speciosa Kratom overdose ? 

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    Published on 05-10-2010 03:19 AM

    Mitragyna speciosa Kratom use appears to be very safe in standard recreational doses.

    A person who consumes too much Mitragyna speciosa Kratom will experience strong nausea and vomit the consumed Kratom before their body would absorb enough alkaloids to cause a potentially dangerous overdose. ...
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    Mitragyna speciosa Kratom combinations 

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    Published on 01-04-2010 03:15 AM

    Can Mitragyna speciosa Kratom be combined safely with other substances?

    In general, drug combination can be hazardous, problematic and risky, and one has to be careful of potentially negative or dangerous pharmaceutical interactions. One should ...
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    Mitragyna speciosa Kratom potentiators 

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    Published on 01-03-2010 03:14 AM

    Some combination may actually potentiate the effects of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom, which is something to be aware of when experimenting with Kratom. ...
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    Mitragyna speciosa Kratom dosage guidelines 

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    Published on 01-03-2010 03:08 AM

    Typical Mitragyna speciosa Kratom doses can vary greatly, depending on such factors as potency of the Kratom, tolerance of the user and personal metabolism / response.

    It is rather clear that Kratom’s stimulant and sedative effects work in tandem.
    Yet with regular use, a tolerance develops to the sedating opiate effect more quickly, which induces an increase of Kratom stimulation over time, on a regular rhythm of use, and this ...
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    Frequency of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom use and settings 

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    Published on 01-02-2010 03:06 AM

    What is clear is that Mitragyna speciosa Kratom is not recommended for daily use.

    While such a practice is not nearly as problematic or dangerous as it would be with opiate or opioid use, it is clear that it is with ...
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    Guidelines for a safe and pleasant use of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom 

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    Published on 01-01-2010 03:03 AM

    Mitragyna speciosa Kratom has been used as a medicine and as a recreational psychoactive for a long time in South-East Asia, and is therefore known to be relatively ...
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    Storing Mitragyna speciosa Kratom 

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    Published on 12-31-2009 03:50 AM

    Mitragyna speciosa Kratom leaf, Kratom leaf powder and extracts are best preserved in an cool environment where they are not exposed to air, humidity, heat or U.V. light. ...
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    Other Mitragyna speciosa Kratom recipes and preparations 

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    Published on 12-31-2009 02:58 AM

    Mitragyna speciosa Kratom products can be brewed into tea or drinks, but leaves and leaf powder can also be swallowed directly, and still be active, which makes “cooking” with Kratom a real possibility- though one should keep in mind that these ideas or recipes actually aim at masking the somewhat bitter taste of Mitragyna ...
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    Preparing Mitragyna speciosa Kratom tea 

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    Published on 12-31-2009 02:52 AM

    Extraction of the Mitragyna speciosa Kratom alkaloids into the tea is show to be facilitated by using powdered material, as this increases the surface area. So if one has crushed or whole dried Kratom leaf, it is best to grind the leaf to a rough powder in a food processor or a coffee grinder.

    Place one dose (see “Mitragyna speciosa Kratom dosage guidelines” ...
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    Smoking / vaporizing Mitragyna speciosa Kratom 

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    Published on 12-30-2009 02:46 AM

    Kratom can be smoked, but this is less recommended, as it is less effective than oral consumption, and slightly more complex.

    Indeed, the amount of leaf that constitutes a typical Kratom dose is too large to be smoked ...
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    Mitragyna speciosa Kratom extracts 

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    Published on 12-29-2009 02:44 AM

    A paste-like concentrated Kratom extract can be prepared by boiling of quantity of fresh or dried Mitragyna speciosa Kratom leaves, ...
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    Eating / swallowing dried Mitragyna speciosa Kratom leaves and Kratom leaf powder 

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    Published on 12-29-2009 02:41 AM

    This is a very simple and efficient way of consuming Mitragyna speciosa Kratom. The simplest way would be the “toss and wash”, placing ...
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    Mitragyna speciosa Kratom tea and Kratom leaves infusions 

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    Published on 12-29-2009 02:39 AM

    In South-East Asia Mitragyna speciosa Kratom leaf is also often made into a tea. This has also become, by far, the most common and popular method using Kratom ...
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