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Mitragyna speciosa Kratom is illegal in many South-East Asian countries, such as Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma) and Vietnam (though the specificities of the law is unclear). Kratom use is, however still quite common in these countries, especially in rural areas, even though these countries often impose severe penalties (up to death in certain cases) for use or possession. Outside South-East Asia, Mitragyna speciosa Kratom remains uncontrolled / legal in most of the world, including...
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The concept of "drug tolerance”, refers to the gradual decrease of a subject’s reaction and sensitivity to a psychoactive substance or drug, implying that progressively larger doses are required to achieve the desired effect. Drug tolerance can involve both psychological drug tolerance as well as physiological factors. Kratom, which has both stimulant and sedative effects, induces a complex mechanism of physical tolerance, in which regular use tends to induce a diminishing of the...
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“Withdrawals” or “withdrawal symptoms”, also known as withdrawal/abstinence syndrome, refers to a series of characteristic signs and symptoms that appear when a drug is regularly used for a long time and then suddenly discontinued or decreased in dosage. Withdrawal is connected to forms of physical addiction to a drug, but yet is also sometimes used incorrectly to refer to symptoms that appear after discontinuing a drug or other substance (unable to cause true physical dependence) to which...
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The term “Opioids” is a blanket term used for any drug, including opiates, which are active by binding to the C.N.S. or gastrointestinal tract opioid receptors, thus having an action comparable to that of opiates. It is a broad class of narcotics whose activity comes from their receptor binding action, and includes natural opiates coming from the opium poppy (codeine, morphine) morphines ( heroin or diacetyl-morphine) semi-synthetic opiates (hydromorphone, oxycodone) and fully synthetic...
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Selected bibliography on Mitragyna speciosa Kratom and Kratom alkaloids Amattayakul T., The kraton leaves. J. Department of Medical Sciences, Thailand, vol. 2: 2, 104-108, 1960. Atthakor P. "Role Seen For Traditional Herbal Stimulant": Bangkok Post November 27, 1999 Carbonin PU, Greco A, Pisanti P, Gemma A, Cattelin F. "Efficacy of almitrine-raubasine in cognitive disorders of aging: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical and psychometric study": Clin Neuropharmacol. 1990;13...
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A few Kratom users, those more sensitive than others, have had allergy-like reactions to Mitragyna speciosa Kratom, especially in higher doses, which causes them to feel a generalised body itching, similar to opioids. This unpleasant sensation is most likely due to histamine output, and can be treated with histamine medication (dph/dhm) if it becomes too uncomfortable. When using Mitragyna speciosa Kratom reasonably, health problems are unlikely, unless one is consuming large quantities...
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As previously mentioned, despite Mitragyna speciosa Kratom’s relatively long history of human use, Kratom and Kratom use has rarely been studied extensively, even in countries where Kratom use is traditional. Such a country, Thailand, actually banned Kratom in 1943 (a ban which is now under discussion), and has also held strong anti-Kratom positions, in accordance with its generally aggressive and repressive anti-drug policy. In Thailand itself, scientific knowledge of Kratom is still...
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Mitragyna speciosa Kratom use is legal in most parts of the world, and is not specifically tested for in drug-screens or drug tests. Yet Kratom users facing potential drug-tests, such as urine drug-screens, which are very common in the U.S.A. for instance- should be very careful with Kratom use, and preferably restrain for using Kratom in the days before a test, as one would with opiates. Indeed, Kratom has been very occasionally reported to have caused false-positive results for opiates...
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As previously explained in the section “Pharmacology and mode of action of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom” as well as in the “Potential applications and modern uses of Mitragyna speciosa Kratom” section, Mitragyna speciosa Kratom actually has a strong potential as a substance to help with the detoxification process and withdrawal symptoms of opiates and opioids addiction. A specific quality induced by Mitragyna speciosa Kratom’s rather unique mode of action, which apparently only has a partial...
Though Mitragyna speciosa Kratom has been used for a long time in South-East Asia, it does not enjoy a rich, often romanticized history similar to that of other drugs such as opium or cannabis. Kratom culture and use was, until recently restricted to South-Eastern Asia, where it was used locally, in rural areas, for both its medicinal and psychoactive qualities and as a stimulant for work and a recreational relaxant. Opium or cannabis use were much more prevalent throughout the history of...
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